Syringomyelia (SM) is a serious neurological condition in dogs that involves the development of fluid-filled cavities or cysts (syrinxes) within the spinal cord. This condition is most commonly associated with a malformation called Chiari-like malformation (CM), which affects the brain and spinal cord.

Causes

• Chiari-like Malformation (CM): The most common cause of SM in dogs. This is a structural defect where the back part of the skull is too small, causing compression of the brain and affecting normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow.
• Genetic Factors: Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to CM and SM, particularly Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Brussels Griffons.

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity and location of the syrinxes and may include:

• Pain: Particularly in the neck, shoulders, and head.
• Scratching: Especially around the neck, shoulders, or head, often without making contact with the skin (air scratching).
• Weakness: Especially in the limbs.
• Ataxia: Lack of coordination or wobbling when walking.
• Sensitivity: Discomfort when being touched or picked up, especially around the neck.
• Vocalization: Whining or crying out in pain.
• Behavioral Changes: Restlessness, reluctance to exercise, or changes in behavior due to chronic pain.

Diagnosis

Syringomyelia in Dogs

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical signs, breed predisposition, and diagnostic imaging:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): The gold standard for diagnosing SM, showing the presence and extent of syrinxes in the spinal cord.
• Neurological Examination: To assess the dog's reflexes, coordination, and pain response.
• Clinical History: Detailed history of symptoms and their progression.

Treatment

Treatment aims to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life, as there is no cure for SM. Options include:

• Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and medications to reduce CSF production.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical decompression to alleviate pressure on the brain and spinal cord may be considered.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Modifying activity levels to avoid exacerbating symptoms, using harnesses instead of collars to reduce neck pressure.

Prognosis

The prognosis for dogs with SM varies. Some dogs respond well to medical management and live relatively normal lives, while others may have more severe symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing the condition.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent Syringomyelia in Dogs, but responsible breeding practices can help reduce the incidence:

• Breeding Programs: Focusing on genetic screening and avoiding breeding dogs known to carry genes associated with CM and SM.

If you suspect your dog may have syringomyelia, consult a veterinarian, preferably a neurologist, for a thorough examination and appropriate diagnostic testing.